MNC驱饲料铅对猪免疫和抗氧化性能的影响

以纳米蒙脱石（MNC）为吸附材料,重金属铅为吸附对象,以＂杜长大＂三元杂交猪为试验动物,研究了MNC驱铅对生长肥育猪机体免疫与抗氧化性能的影响。免疫学指标测定结果表明,与10mg/kg铅组比较,10mg/kg铅＋0.5%MNC组猪的胸腺、脾脏系数分别减少了27.97%（P〈0.01）、12.37%（P〈0.05）,T-淋巴细胞转化力、血清IgG、IgM水平分别提高了17.89%（P〈0.05）、16.20%（P〈0.05）、14.46%（P〈0.05）。试验各组的IgA水平均未发生显著性变化（P〉0.05）。抗氧化能力研究表明,与对照组相比,加MNC组猪血清与肝脏中MDA含量显著降低（P〈0.05）,CTA、SOD、GSH-Px活力均显著提高（P〈0.05）;与10mg/kg铅组比较,添加10mg/kg铅＋0.5%MNC组猪血清和肝脏中MDA含量明显下降（P〈0.05）,CTA、SOD、GSH-Px活力明显上升（P〈0.05）。此外,饲料中添加MNC后显著提高了猪肝脏中MT、K＋,Na＋-ATPase和Ca2＋,Mg2＋-ATPase酶活（P〈0.05）。结果表明,MNC能有效吸附饲料中的铅,阻断铅经消化道进入动物体内,改善猪的免疫与抗氧化性能。     

颗粒饲料水分检测控制的研究

颗粒饲料非接触性实时在线水分检测控制的研究是关系到饲料成本、质量和经济效益的重要环节，通过高精度的水分检测和控制来影响颗粒料的水分，现代饲料工业主要依靠PLC调节变频器动作达到控制水失重的瞬时流量，从而实现最大的投入产出比和最佳的产品质量。     

萃取溶剂对饲料香味剂有效成分分析的影响

采用无水乙醇、正己烷、二氯甲烷萃取同一饲料香味剂,通过气相色谱进行检测,并用外标法对其中的有效成分进行定量,对比3种不同溶剂的回收率.结果表明,对饲料香味剂中主要成分的回收率以二氯甲烷最高.     

配合饲料基质中碘化酪蛋白水解条件的优化

通过L27(313)正交试验对配合饲料基质中碘化酪蛋白(IC)水解条件进行了优化。研究表明:水解时间,饲料类型,水解温度与水解体积之间的互作效应是影响碘化酪氨酸得率的主要因素;经优化得配合.饲料基质中IC最佳水解条件为:温度100℃,水解体积15mL/g,水解时间15h;鱼配合饲料基质对碘化酪氨酸有极显著的降解作用。试验结果为碘化酪氨酸作标志物配合饲料中IC含量的监测提供了依据。     

Surveillance of selected nutrients,additives and undesirables in commercial Norwegian fish feeds in the years 2000–2010

This article presents data on commercial, Norwegian fish feeds from 2000 to 2010, including elements, additives, some selected vitamins and a range of environmental contaminants. Iodine, selenium and vitamin D concentrations, all declined during the time period; simultaneously, a reduction in marine ingredients in feeds has occurred. Still, the feeds fulfilled known fish nutrient requirements. Arsenic (As) in the feed was fitted with a polynomial regression with peak concentrations in 2004, correlating with fishery landings of blue whiting (Micromesistus poutassou), a reduction species with high content of As. A polynomial regression was also significant for mercury, which peaked in 2005 and was correlated to fish meal (FM) inclusion in the feeds. Residues of the pesticide DDT and its metabolites, chlordane and toxaphene, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers and sum dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs, all decreased during this time period. These positive changes in undesirable substances can likely be attributed to the increasing replacement of marine ingredients with plant ingredients, as well as the increased use of South American fish oils rather than North Atlantic ones. On the other hand, cadmium concentrations were twofold higher in South American FMs, and increased in feeds from 2000 to 2010.     

配饵中钙磷含量及钙磷比对荷沅鲤生长影响

探讨了荷沅鲤生长所需要的适宜钙磷总量及最适钙磷比。结论是：无论钙磷总量是否相同，钙磷比皆以1：2为最适宜；在钙磷比为1：2时，钙含量为839～1189mg％，磷含量为1678～2378mg％，钙磷总量为2517～3600mg％，荷沅鲤生长最好；在钙磷比中磷小于2时，钙磷含量高会减轻因钙磷不平衡对鱼生长所造成的危害；钙磷总量过多或过少、钙磷比不等于1：2时，都会抑制鱼的生长，降低饵料转化率。     

饲料科学的新概念——用系统思维诠释饲料科学的一些理论和技术问题

文章在总结近年来国内外动物营养学和饲料科学的最新进展的基础上,利用系统思维方式对饲料科学中间的一些理论和技术问题进行诠释,并提出了一些新概念,其中包括在后现代化时代饲料科学的历史任务、对饲料营养组成和营养特性的新见解、组合效应理论和技术、饲料营养价值评定技术新进展以及传统日粮配合技术的新进展等等,特别是首次提出了饲料-营养组学理论新的研究方向,对饲料科学和动物营养学理论和技术体系的现代化有重要意义。     

The effects of pelleting and glucanase supplementation in hulled barley based diets on feed manufacture,broiler performance,and digesta viscosity

Feeding broilers barley-based diets requires special consideration primarily due to effects on increased digesta viscosity and decreased nutrient digestion. Pelleting and glucanase supplementation are commonly performed prior to feeding broilers barley-based diets; however, the interaction of these practices is complex. The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive evaluation of glucanase efficacy including: degree of processing, activity postpelleting, broiler performance, and digesta viscosity. Treatments were arranged in a 5 (diet formulation) × 2 (processing) factorial in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications/treatment. The 5 diet formulations consisted of positive control (PC), negative control (NC), glucanase A (GA) 125 or 1,000 β-Glu-U/kg feed, and glucanase B (GB) 1,000 β-Glu-U/kg feed. The PC and NC diets differed in metabolizable energy by 150 kcal/kg and enzymes were added to NC formulations. Diets were either fed as unprocessed mash or ground pellets. Diet formulation × processing did not interact for feed intake (FI), FCR, or total tract viscosity (P > 0.05); however, a trend was observed for ending bird weight, demonstrating that for ground pellets, GA 1,000 β-Glu-U/kg feed was improved relative to NC and similar to PC (P = 0.0903). Benefits associated with GB were not of similar magnitude, perhaps in part due to a 50% decrease in activity postpelleting. In addition, GA benefits were not suggested for unprocessed mash. The main effect processing was significant (P < 0.0001) demonstrating that broilers fed ground pellets resulted in greater pen ending bird weight, FI, and bird live weight gain (LWG) compared to birds fed unprocessed mash diets. Evaluations of glucanase should go beyond in vitro activity and include live bird performance using feed that has undergone pelleting.     

Effect of poultry litter biochar diet inclusion on feed manufacture and 4- to 21-d broiler performance

Decreasing diet cost and minimizing environmental impact are current issues that can affect the success of poultry production. In the eastern United States, much concern has been generated surrounding eutrophication of the Chesapeake Bay due to nitrogen and phosphorus leaching from land application of litter. Gasification of poultry litter and feeding the resultant poultry litter biochar (PLB) may be an alternative to traditional land application of litter. In addition, PLB may provide a cost-effective source of essential nutrients for poultry by the partial or complete replacement of rock phosphorus in poultry diets, and may also provide a mechanism for improving feed manufacture variables. The objectives of this study were to assess effects of diet incorporation of PLB on feed manufacture and pellet quality (Study 1) and subsequent feeding effects on broiler performance and tibia ash (Study 2). Seven diets were formulated to compare the replacement of rock phosphorus with PLB. Inclusion of PLB was high, 6.2 or 6.9%, in order to maximize rock phosphorus replacement but also to assess potential detriments. Four diets were chosen to generate replicated feed manufacture and pellet quality data. The addition of PLB to diets was shown to improve pellet quality (P < 0.05). Diets containing PLB decreased live weight gain and FCR; however, a positive yet modest contribution to bone mineralization was demonstrated (P < 0.0001). Therefore, PLB contains available phosphorus and calcium; however, the bioavailability of these minerals relative to rock phosphorus was not equivalent. Furthermore, the particular PLB tested decreased broiler performance.     

猪剩余采食量的研究进展

剩余采食量是评价动物饲料效率的一个新的选择性状,它是实际采食量与预测采食量之间的差值。本文重点介绍了剩余采食量的特点以及影响猪剩余采食量的一些生物学因素,包括机体组成、营养物质的消化率、新陈代谢能力、基础代谢、能量效率、活动量、免疫反应等,同时以剩余采食量为选择性状的遗传进展明显。